Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Freedom And Freedom Of The United States - 1499 Words

Knowing the Meaning of Freedom Freedom and liberties are the most popular and significant topic in the United States. However, what’s the freedom and who can enjoy the freedom became the controversial arguments in America during its post-civil war period. Since people with different gender, different race, and even different customs may have their own opinions and prospects of the rights they should have, white Americans, African Americans, immigrants and even women were trying to define and strive for their own freedom. Compared African American and American women, after the reconstruction of the United States, the former one mainly strove for their personal liberty such as free marriage and political rights like voting because of their previous cruel life of slavery, whereas women not only strove for their equal rights but also their social respect due to their low social condition before war. Africa American is one of the largest ethnic groups in the United States. In the 18th and 19th century, African Americans were also the major part of the slave —people who were owned and controlled by slave-holders (people who decide where slave live and at what they work.) Slaves’ rights were strongly limited. They were not allowed to move freely, but always be monitored. They were denied rights of education, and there even did not exist the law to support slaves’ marriages. They could not have any economic/social independence and political right in the country. African AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom And Freedom Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 Pages The Meaning of Freedom Freedom and liberties are the most popular and significant topic in the United States. However, what’s the freedom and who can enjoy the freedom became the controversial arguments in America during its post-civil war period. Since people with different gender, different race and even different customs may have their own opinions and prospects of the rights they should have, white Americans, Africa Americans, immigrants and even women were trying to define and strive for theirRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States1501 Words   |  7 PagesWhen United States was founded, it was signified as the most progressive and political movement in Western Civilization, which has continued to change and form from all the racial, ethnic, and religious diversities within society. Through the freedom that was first generated from the separation of the church and state to the manifestation of the Constitution on December 15, 1791, it has changed the course of history forever. The expression of the people’s legal rights was the First Amendment to theRead MoreThe Freedom And Freedom Of The United States Of America1603 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans, in this rightfully proud nation of The United States of America, have freedom and liberty set amongst the highest of our ideals. Generations were born and raised in this country. They were taught to always respect and cherish the rights and liberties given to us, the people, that were earned and are still being bravely defended to this day. Our rights were earned and are defended by our courageous, gun wielding soldiers. Currently, in this turbulent time of politics in our nation,Read MoreThe Freedom Of The United States759 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat country should be incredibly thankful for the freedoms and opportunities we have been afforded because many individuals that we have had the privilege of knowing and many individuals that we haven’t had the honor of knowing have all sacrificed their lives to protect our freedoms. Due in part to this great sacrifice, America can and is considered to be a country with a great sense of equality, opportunity, and freedom. The United States of America as stated before is a country were individualsRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom House was established in 1941 in the United States and focused first on the threat to freedom represented by Nazism. After the war, in its own words, it â€Å"took up the struggle against the other great twentieth century totalitarian threat, Communism† and defined its mission as working for the spread of democracy and human rights in the world. Indeed, one of the instruments developed by Freedom House in order to spread its mission is the’s press freedom index, which has not changed practicallyRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesthe United States among the other freedoms that were automatically granted to whites when they were born. Freedom is defined as, â€Å"The power or right to act, speak or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.† The 13th Amendment technically freed the slaves, but for a slave in 1864, African American’s vision of freedom was limited because they had been seen as property for such a long time. Slaves didn t know what was out there and there were many whites against this new freedom theyRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States901 Words   |  4 PagesAs we all know, freedom is a very meaningful word, and it has a variety expressions and definitions. I can define the word freedom as liberty, independence, acting spontaneously, expressing yourself with no fears, being positive and making your own choices. All people in the entire world like to be free with no barrier or any kind of obstacles, emotionally and physically. Human beings deserve to be free and live their life with no struggles. The most moment I felt entirely free is when I went backRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The United States1654 Words   |  7 PagesHonors English Period 7 14 March 2016 Freedom of Speech We the People of the United States, in order to form a perfect union and establish justice, created a Constitution for the good of all in the year of 1789. Two-hundred years later these composition of laws are still relevant to our lives. In these, the First Amendment, which was established into the constitution for the purpose of being conformed and to grant the citizens a guarantee of their basic freedom of speech; however, it appears thatRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech By The United States Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many phrases and use of words that can be considered controversial in the past as well in todays society. The first amendment states that â€Å"congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Volokh, 2016.). Throughout hist ory, congress has kept up their end of the dealRead MoreReligious Freedom Of The United States1113 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States, religious freedom is a unique right that not all countries allow. The founding fathers instilled this idea although they predominately followed the Christian faith. Several documents and common American morals have Christian roots; some of which include the establishment of God given rights and basic human decency. The words â€Å"In God We Trust† on our currency and â€Å"One Nation Under God† in our pledge represent the guiding principles that the United States was established on. Although

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Platos Concept of the Body and Soul Distinction Essay

Platos Concept of the Body and Soul Distinction A:Plato believed that humans could be broken down into 3 parts: the body, the mind and the soul. The body is the physical part of the body that is only concerned with the material world, and through which we are able to experience the world we live in. it wants to experience self-gratification. It is mortal, and when it dies, it is truly dead. The mind is directed towards the heavenly realm of Ideas, and is immortal. It is with our minds that we are able to understand the eternal world of the Forms. When it dies it returns to the realm of Ideas. The soul is the driving force of the body, that it is what gives us our identity. Plato likens†¦show more content†¦The body and the inclinations are mortal but transmigrate into animals, but the intellect is immortal. He believes that the intellect represents the most divine part of the soul, and so after death it leaves the inferior physical body to join the world of Ideas. B: Platos dualism was a combination of the key ideas from both Materialism and Idealism. His theory that we had both a physical body, and a soul/mind and that the soul/mind is a thinking being, complete in itself, and capable of living without the body. A strength of Platos Dualism is that it says there is more to living than just what we are always aware of, as just because the physical world seems hard, there are other ways of living. Another strength is that he doesnt deny the existence of the physical world as an idealist might, but just says that the physical world isnt as importance, that we should be seeking to understand the world of Forms. Neither does he deny the spiritual world, and says that its important, so if we can understand the world of Ideas then we can understand Good. Aristotle, Platos pupil, was one of the sources of his greatest opposition. He argues that Platos definition of the soul is wrong, that it isnt immortal, but rather it is just the life force of the body. Ergo, when the body dies, so does the soul. One of Platos claims is that the body doesntShow MoreRelatedDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pageson certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not accept what is interpreted through the senses. In Platos theory of forms, Plato explained the immaterial world as the realm containing the perfect form of objects and ideas that are presented on Earth. For instanceRead MorePlatos Belief that the Human Soul is Immortal1297 Words   |  6 Pageswas born out of Plato’s triad. The Goodness is God; the ideas are Jesus; and the World-Spirit is the Holy Spirit. All were the same theory except reshaped in order to fit into Christian doctrine. While the divine aspects of Christianity are obviously derived from Plato’s theories, it is also important to discuss human nature – more specifically the idea of the immortal soul. Plato believed in the idea that the human soul is immortal and returns to the Goodness once freed from the body and purified.Read MorePhaedo by Plato1189 Words   |  5 Pagessensory experiences in order to provide answers about the natural world. Each view has their benefits and drawbacks but each play a vital role in the discussion about knowledge. The philosopher Plato is considered to be a rationalist thinker. In Plato’s Phaedo, he shows the reader that the five senses are not what one should rely on. The senses do not provide us with truth. One’s surroundings are constantly changing thus, their senses must change with them. For example, in the winter time one feelsRead MoreConceptions of the Soul Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamentally different conceptions of the soul. Through an analysis of their frameworks and genre, and whether their methods are plausible, it can be concluded that Aristotles formulation of the soul is more compelling than that of Plato. According to Plato, the body and the soul are separate entities. The soul is capable of existing before life of the body and after death of the body and it is constant, unchanging and non-physical (invisible). The soul resembles what is divine, immortal, andRead MoreThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesof the founding fathers of Western philosophy. Living from roughly 428 BCE until 348 BCE, Plato’s theories predated Christianity by at least four centuries. Because of this, it can be assumed that early Christian worshippers used Plato’s teachings as a basis for their religion. It is evident that there is a surprising amount of similarities between Plato’s philosophy and early Christianity. By utilizing Plato’s theories and philosophy, early Christians were able to bridge the gap between paganism andRead MoreEssay about Aristotle vs Plato1665 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential philosophers in history. As a student of Pl ato, he built on his mentor’s metaphysical teachings of things like The Theory of Forms and his views on the soul. However, he also challenged them, introducing his own metaphysical ideas such as act and potency, hylemorphism, and the four causes. He used these ideas to explain his account of the soul and the immateriality of intellect. Prior to Aristotle, philosophers like Parmenides and Heraclitus argued about the existence of change. Aristotle usedRead MorePlato And St. Augustine1090 Words   |  5 Pagesworld of forms, ideas or concepts. Plato argued that conduct comes from a reference to this world of forms. By this argument, there is an eternal idea or form of each moral principle, such as justice, piety or truth. This essay will discuss the ethics of Plato, Socrates and St. Augustine According to Plato, evil is simply the result of ignorance. He believed that all people are attempting to do what they understand as good. He believes there are three parts of the soul. There is a rational and moralRead MorePlato and Aristotle: a Comparison Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical philosophy. He fashioned a distinctive view of human nature, a view that has had a crucial formative influence on all subsequent theories of human nature. Plato pointed out the distinction between a perfect ideal and its imperfect replicas, and gave the name forms to these particular ideals. Platos philosophy was centered on his famous Theory of Forms, or Theory of Ideas. The theory is based on the observation that there must be some universal quality that all things classed under aRead MoreWhy I Am A Platonist2304 Words   |  10 Pagesnon-temporal) exist (Piyong 206). Almost universally, the distinction between these two understandings lies in the capitalization of the letter  "p† (that is, the distinction between Platonism and platonism). When the letter P is capitalized, the former denotation is in use, and when a lower case p is used, the latter denotation is in use. For the sake of congruency between my paper and widely accepted philosophical norms, I will be adapting these distinctions in my paper. Having settled this discrepancy,Read MoreSumma Theologica : The View On The Acquisition Of Knowledge917 Words   |  4 Pagesslate, or lack of knowledge, and obtains knowledge through phantasms, or sensible images, due to the unity of the body and soul. This opinion is generally unlike the views of other traditional philosophers who claim that knowledge is inherent, and Aquinas makes multiple valid arguments against the traditional view. Plato’s epistemological view is that one is born with innate concepts and ideas before they acquire additional knowledge. He argues that when asked a question, an ignorant person will

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Element of Negligence are Duty of Care

Question: What about any defences and if they relevent or not and do you think that the case with Julie could be considered by the court to be too remote consider case law. Answer: Negligence The tort of negligence arises when a person does something, which a reasonable man under similar circumstances would not do, or omits to do something, which a reasonable man under similar circumstances would do, and such commission or omission results in the damage to some other person (LII / Legal Information Institute 2016). Essentials of Negligence The essentials of the tort of negligence are as follows: The defendant must have a duty of care towards the plaintiff. The defendant must have breached that duty. The breach must have resulted in some damage to the plaintiff. Facts of the instant problem The Company, Oleocampo, is one of the leading producers of fine quality olive oil in the region of Koala Island. The Company supplies olive oil to various food producers and is considered to be the pride of Koala Island. The celebrity chefs use Olecampos olive oil in their restaurants and television shows. George Michael is the owner of the company and he has olive groves in a region in Koala Island. Andrew Ridgeley owns a farm, which is situated, just adjacent to Michaels olive groves. He does periodical aerial spraying on his farm. One day his new pilot, by mistake, sprays chemical pesticides on Michaels olive groves. This had a devastating effect on the olive groves and the Company fails to produce the fine quality olive oil for an entire year. The Company lays off 25% of its staff in order to minimise its cost. As a result, Julie, who was an employee of the Company, loses her job and is unable to repay her mortgage amount. Not only that, Wyatt Marlston, a celebrity chef, who runs a famous cooking show on television and is one of the prime customers of Oleacampo, suffers a heart attack and is admitted to ICU of Royal Adelaide Hospital. Upon seeing him in ICU, his wife, Maggie Marlston suffers trauma. Issues: Whether Oleocampo and Julie have a right to sue Ridgeley for negligence or not? Whether Maggie, in a suit of negligence, will be successful in claiming compensation from Ridgeley due to her suffering from psychological trauma or not? Issue 1 (Advice to Oleocampo and Julie) Application of the elements of negligence Duty of care Ridgeley undoubtedly owes a duty of care to the adjacent olive groves of Oleocampo. The olive groves are the main source of production of the finest olive oil for the Company. The right of the Company over its property is a right in rem. Every right has a correlative duty and the world at large has a duty not to interfere with the possession of the Companys property. In the case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932), a snail was found in a ginger beer bottle. The consumption of the same caused damage to the plaintiff. The manufacturer of beer bottle was held guilty of negligence, as the manufacturer had breached the duty of care to the consumers, which resulted in damage to the plaintiff (French 2012). Breach of duty The pilot employed by Ridgeley in his farm applied chemical pesticide to the olive groves of Oleocampo. The pilot was a new one and was not given proper instruction to take care of the adjacent property. He was not informed about the exact area in which he needed to do the spraying. Ridgeley failed to follow the standard of care, which was required to be followed. Thus, the act of aerial spraying by Ridgeleys farm on the Companys olive groves resulted in a breach of duty. In Caparo Industries Plc vs. Dickman (1990) case,a test was laid down so as to establish the liability of the wrongdoer (Randell 2014). The test is known as Capro test under which a claimant has to establish: That a reasonable man could have foreseen the damage There existed a relationship of proximity The duty of care could be imposed fairly and reasonably. All the requirements in the Capro test have been fulfilled in the instant problem and Ridgeley has done a breach of duty. Damage resulting from breach of duty The damage, which resulted from the breach of duty, is plentiful. The immediate damage, which occurred, is the deterioration of the equality of olive oil that the Company used to produce and for which the Company was considered the pride of Koala Island. The Company, thereafter, had to reduce its staff and consequently Julie lost her job and failed to make her mortgage repayments. The celebrity chef suffered from a heart attack and his wife, Maggie went through trauma. All these are the damage caused because of the breach of duty by Ridgeleys farm. In Donoghue case, the plaintiff suffered damage due to the consumption of the beer and therefore was entitled to recover damages from the defendant (Dobson 2015). In the instant problem, all the requirements of negligence have been fulfilled and both Oleocampo and Julie have suffered proximate damage and therefore have the right to sue Ridgeley for negligence. Issue 2 (Advice to Maggie) Proximate and Remote damage A person is entitled to recover damages only for the proximate damage caused by the negligent act and not for any remote damage, which could not be foreseen by a reasonable man. In Wagon Mound (1961) case, the defendants ship was taking fuel from the Sydney Port. Some 600 feet away there was a Morts Dock Company, which did repairing and welding work. Due to the negligence of the defendants servants, oil was spilt on the water, it was carried with the water until it reached the Morts Dock Company, where it ignited with the cotton waste, and a fire broke out immediately and resulted in damage to the Morts Dock Company (Ayers 2013). In this case, the Court held that the defendant could not be held liable for any damage, which could not be reasonably foreseen by a prudent person under similar circumstance (Zipursky 2012). In the instant problem, the harm or damage, which Maggie Marlston suffered, is too remote a damage and could not have been reasonably foreseen. For such damage, Ridgeley cannot be held liable and Maggie would fail in an action to claim compensation for the same. References Ayers, A.B., 2013.A Student's Guide to Law School: What Counts, what Helps, and what Matters. University of Chicago Press. Dobson, E., 2015. Negligence.Legaldate,27(1), p.4. French, M.P., 2012. Donoghue v Stevenson and local authorities: can the tort of negligence be built on shaky foundations? A New Zealand perspective. Preda, A., 2015. Rights: Concept and Justification.Ratio Juris,28(3), pp.408-415. Randell, J., 2014. Duty of Care-Haunting Past, Uncertain Future.NEL Rev.,2, p.75. STEWART, P. Stuhmcke, A. 2014, "Lacunae and litigants : a study of negligence cases in the High Court of Australia in the first decade of the 21st century and beyond",Melbourne University Law Review,vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 151-197. Vignesh, U. and Asha, S. (2015). Modifying Security Policies Towards BYOD. Procedia Computer Science, 50, pp.511-516. Zipursky, B.C., 2012. The law of torts.The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law, p.261.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Managing people

Introduction With globalization a concept which is characterized with free movement of people, goods, services, capital and high level of interconnectedness, the world economy has experienced changes across all quotas. Scholars have argued that those organizations that are capable of successfully managing organization change will remain relevant and competitive in this dynamic world (Cascio 2002).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing people specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since I am working at an international banking department at the Bank of America, my analysis will focus on my place of work. The statement to be analysed is â€Å"Change is inevitable. Organizations have to adapt their HRM activities between short-run responsiveness and long-run agility, which can result in tensions between employers and employees.† To accomplish this task, a critical discussion of issues concerning organizational flexibility as argued by Atkinson’s in the flexible model and Dyer and Shafer’s agility model providing a thorough analysis of available empirical evidence will be done. It is no doubt that the human or employees in a given organization is deemed to be the most important assets. When their different potentials are tapped successfully, firm can attain competitive advantage over its competitors. Literature Review Atkinson’s Flexible Model This model tries to address the rigidities linked to rules of employment established under the scientific organization design. Atkinson (1984) stresses the importance of organizational flexibility. The researcher notes that this is one of the ways to remain competitive, i.e. successful in the contemporary business world. Organizations should be able to comply with new rules and principles of the business world. Atkinson’s model is based on four major types of flexibility: external and internal numerical flexibility, functi onal flexibility and financial flexibility. Thus, the researcher notes that external numerical flexibility can help organizations fit the changing business environment. Thus, organizations can hire employees from external markets. Organizations can hire employees to fulfil specific tasks. Thus, the researcher notes that short-term contracts can make organizations more flexible. Basically, Atkinson (1984) claims that temporary workers should not be underestimated. This kind of flexibility will encourage (part-time as well as fulltime) workers to fulfil tasks properly. Internal numerical flexibility presupposes flexibility of employees’ working time. Thus, some workers can work part-time. Atkinson (1984) suggests that organizations can make use of shifts. This flexibility will encourage workers to manage their time properly and try their best to fulfil their tasks. This flexibility can motivate employees as they will be able to combine their work and their family life, which is very important.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Notably, more employees are available for organizations: part-time workers can be those who work and study, working mothers, etc. Admittedly, such flexibility is beneficial for both organizations and employees. Of course, this type of flexibility enables organizations to operate seven days a week 24 hours a day. This will definitely keep organizations competitive. Functional flexibility is also very important as it helps the organization be competitive. This type of flexibility concerns employee’s ability to fulfil various types of tasks, work in different teams, function in different situations, etc. Atkinson (1984) notes that employees should be ready to implement various activities and take part in different projects. Workers should be ready to cooperate with each other and form different teams to fulfil a variety o f tasks. The researcher adds that this can be possible if organization pays enough attention to education and training. Thus, the researcher notes that organizations should launch various educational courses to make their employees flexible. This flexibility contributes greatly to the overall organization’s flexibility. Finally, Atkinson (1984) singles out financial flexibility which is also very important. This component of Atkinson’s model presupposes various types of rewards for appropriate or exceptional performance. The researcher mentions that performance assessment activities should be held. Employees should be aware of the assessment system as this will encourage them to perform better. Organizations can reward individual employees or teams. In fact, Atkinson (1984) states that employees should be paid (not only rewarded) in accordance with their individual or group work. This keeps employees motivated. Dyer and Shafer’s Agility Model As far as Dyer and Shafer’s agility model is concerned, it is necessary to note that it has a lot in common with Atkinson’s model. Dyer and Shafer’s model presupposes companies’ rapid adjustment to changing business environments (Dyer Shafer 1999). Organizational agility model can be divided into several basic principles. In the first place, the researchers state that organizations will benefit from organizational agility which is essential in the contemporary business world. Admittedly, organizations should focus on achieving the necessary level of agility to remain competitive in the business environment (Boxall et al. 2003). Of course, understanding of the necessity to be competitive is not enough. Organizations should take certain steps to achieve agility.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing people specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, organization should be able to understand potent ial of existing and upcoming markets (Dyer Shafer 1999). It is important to understand the needs of these markets. The organization should be able to respond to changes which are taking place or are about to take place. Of course, the organization should also be able to ‘open up’ new markets. Dyer and Shafer (1999) claim that it is impossible to see various changes in business environment without proper training. Therefore, organizations should train the staff. Employees should learn constantly. Trainings, discussions, experiments, workshops and conferences should be held to train the staff. Employees should share successful experience and cooperate to work out new ways to run business. Apart from training, it is essential to create the necessary environment to encourage employees (Dyer Shafer 1999). Employees should be encourages to display initiative. The researchers note that employees should be ready to work in teams. Notably, employees should be ready to work in different teams depending on the goal pursued (Dyer Shafer 1999). Basically, employees should be ready to effectively collaborate with each other. The researchers also note that employees should be goal-oriented. It is crucial to make employees aware of the goals the organization pursues. In other words, the staff should know the plan they can follow. It makes employees more motivated as they know where they are moving. Furthermore, employees should know and share the organization’s values. This will make the organization a single team which operates as a whole. Besides, Dyer and Shafer (1999) claim that organizations should exploit flexible work design. In essence, this is one of the most important measures which can help an organization achieve agility. The researchers also stress that proper communication is extremely important. On one hand, communication should be extensive. Employees should be aware of the processes which are taking place. Flexible working conditions ar e also crucial for the organization’s agility. Some employees can perform certain tasks better when certain flexibility is available. Finally, Dyer and Shafer (1999) state that employees should be awarded properly. The researchers note that bonuses and rewards for certain performance or productivity level should be implemented.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rewards can be monetary as well as non-monetary (promotion, etc.). The researchers also note that appraisal and feedback are crucial to create the necessary environment at workplace. Employees should understand that their performance is evaluated. Employees should understand that some ways can be awarded while certain behaviour can be punished. Applications Since its foundation in 1998, the Bank of America has grown to be the third largest bank in the world. It managed to expand its operation to more than 150 countries. However, financial crisis and stiff competition from major competitors such as Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup has completely changed everything for a bank that enjoys a 99.0% relationship with Americans. To ensure that the Bank remain competitive, the management decided to adopt a set of three strategies which included initiating new services and products, adapting to new changes and delivering high quality services and products to clients. It is no doubt that the bank through initiating new product and services, it realized that this can only be possible if it forms mergers, acquire competitors and actively engage in joint ventures (Dyer Shafer 1999). For instance in 2008, the firm acquired Merrill Lynch which later made the Bank of America the largest bank in terms of wealth management. This came with some challenges and tension among employees particularly about their job security. In order to succeed in implementing the three approaches, it was deemed fit to redefine employees’ behaviours. Thus there were some agile attributes that were developed. The first one was to have a dedicated team of employees. The purpose of this was to ensure that workers were to be totally committed to the success of the bank. Workers were to identify with the bank instead of their department and a personal commitment based on the sense of perceived mutual advantage (Dyer Shafer 1999). Accountability was another agile attributed to be natured by the human resource department. Workers were to be responsible of their actions while engaging in activities to help the firm attain its goals and objectives. The concept of generative was also encouraged. This was deemed to help the bank approach issues at a different angle and more effectively. Lastly workers were to be resilient, that is they should accept and take change positively. This could be demonstrated by their ability to take on calculated risks (Connor, Lake Stackman 2003). It is necessary to note that the Bank of America has exploited Atkinson’s flexible model as well. This resulted in placing all knowledge of the assignment with the management (Denhardt Denhardt 2006). This resulted in negative consequences such as less motivated and satisfied employees which later impacted on the productivity. The concept of flexibility was deemed to help remove rigidity created by the rules. Currently the bank has a workforce who are highly skilled are capable of partici pating in making rational decisions (Hughes 2007). There are three kinds of flexibility which bank of America has strived to attain. One is functional flexibility, this is where the managements is allowed to move employees around jobs as the need arise. However, it is worth noting that since the bank is a place with high level of specialization, the Bank of America has not fully managed to ensure all employees are moved between jobs. Before employees are moved between jobs, the bank carryout an extensive education and training programs, this later has been shown to reflect on product requirement instead of the traditional way of doing business. It is worth mentioning that although some workers support this strategy, there are some who find it very difficult to move out of their usual work stations. Concerning financial flexibility, this usually makes it possible for the firm to evaluate the cost of labour to reflect on the supply of as well as demand for labour. As a result compensa tion package fluctuates based on the market worth of any given labour requirement. Lastly numerical flexibility helps the management to match the needs for employees with the number employed usually attained by using different short-term employment arrangements such as part-time employment, short contracts, contracting and outsourcing. When Bank of America adopted this strategy, other employees begun getting worried and some actually left since they were convinced that the future of the bank was doomed. Of course, rumours can be really serious issue to be solved. As suggested by Bordia et al. (2006) rumours are verbal symbols and expressions of employees concerns and come about before formal announcement and it usually centres on predicting change and alleging its dire consequences. One of the most effective ways to address the problem is to issue official reports, and other documents. Conclusion From the review of managing people in the Bank of America, it is evident that the human resource is an important asset that gets everything rolling. Since change is inevitable, employees tend to be affected by change. Thus organizations have to adapt their human resource management activities between short-term and long-term responsiveness and agility in that order. This can result in tension between employers and employees. For instance when the bank acquired one of its competitors, some workers were worried of losing their jobs. However, to curb such tension, there is need to effectively communicate in an open manner and engage workers from the beginning to the end of the change process. References Atkinson, J 1984, ‘Manpower strategies for flexible organizations’, Personnel Management, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–13. Bordia, P, Jones, E, Gallois, C, Callan, V, DiFonzo, N 2006, ‘Management are aliens!: Rumors and stress during organizational change’, Group organizational management, vol. 31, pp. 601-620. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J (2003) S trategy and Human Resource Management. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY. Cascio, W 2002, ‘Strategies for responsible restructuring’, Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 80–91. Connor, P, Lake, L Stackman, R 2003, Managing organizational change, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT. Denhardt, R Denhardt, J 2006, Public administration: An action orientation. Thomas Wadworth, Belmont, CA. Dyer, L Shafer, R 1999, ‘From human resource strategy to organizational effectiveness: Lessons from research on organizational agility.’ In P. Wright, L. Dyer, J. Boudreau G. Milkovich eds. Strategic human resource management in the 21st century. Research in personnel and human resource management, supplement 4. JAI Press, Stamford, CT. Hughes, M 2007, ‘The Tools and Techniques of Change Management’, Journal of Change Management, vol. 7, no. 1, 37-49. Paauwe, J Boselie, P 2007, ‘HRM and societal embeddedness.’ In J. Purcell P.M. Wright eds. The Oxford handbook of Human Resource Management. Oxford Handbooks Online, New York, NY. Pendlesbury, J 1998, The ten keys to successful change management, John Wiley Sons, New York. This report on Managing people was written and submitted by user Keith V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.